This perspective examines how pregnancy-related microbial shifts, both natural andprobiotic-induced, affect maternal and fetal health and highlights potential opportunities for theinnovative use of probiotics during the gestation period
Las infografías elaboradas por el grupo de trabajo de Sistemas Alimentarios y Alimentación Sostenible de ILSI Nor Andino tienen como objetivo sensibilizar y educar sobre la importancia de una alimentación y agricultura sostenibles. A través de información clara y visualmente atractiva, se destacan las claves para fortalecer la resiliencia de los sistemas alimentarios, proteger los recursos naturales y promover dietas saludables sostenibles que beneficien tanto la salud humana como el medio ambiente. Estas herramientas buscan generar conciencia y promover acciones que contribuyan al bienestar social, económico y ambiental, alineadas con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS).
Las infografías elaboradas por el grupo de trabajo de Sistemas Alimentarios y Alimentación Sostenible de ILSI Nor Andino tienen como objetivo sensibilizar y educar sobre la importancia de una alimentación y agricultura sostenibles. A través de información clara y visualmente atractiva, se destacan las claves para fortalecer la resiliencia de los sistemas alimentarios, proteger los recursos naturales y promover dietas saludables sostenibles que beneficien tanto la salud humana como el medio ambiente. Estas herramientas buscan generar conciencia y promover acciones que contribuyan al bienestar social, económico y ambiental, alineadas con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS).
https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/65e7524f-9f38-4e3c-b98c-e25a45737800/content
Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2025
Criteria for risk assessment in FDA, EU, Mercosur, India, China, Japan and Thailand are reviewed. Hazard identification and characterization are discussed. Exposure assessment and risk characterization are discussed. Experimental data required for risk assessment are described. Areas closer to risk assessment harmonization are highlighted.
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Abstract
Pregnancy induces notable alterations in the gut, vaginal, and oral microbiota driven by hormonal,immune, metabolic, dietary, and environmental factors. During pregnancy, the gut microbiota ischaracterized by increased proportions of the genus Bifidobacterium and the phylaPseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria) and Actinomycetota (formerly Actinobacteria). Thesechanges occur alongside reduced alpha diversity and greater beta diversity, changes that influencematernal metabolism and fetal development. Shifts in gut and oral microbiota have been asso-ciated with complications such as preterm birth (PTB), pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes(GDM), though patterns are sometimes inconsistent. The vaginal microbiota remains Lactobacillus-dominant during pregnancy, with reduced diversity leading to reduced risk of pathogenic infectionand increased diversity has been linked with a higher risk of PTB. Hormonal changes also affect theoral microbiota, potentially increasing pathogenic species and contributing to adverse outcomeslike PTB. Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy has significant potential to reduce adversepregnancy outcomes; however, clinical studies are still limited. Probiotics may be effective inalleviating maternal constipation and lead to lower PTB risk, particularly by modulating the vaginalmicrobiota, but they have limited impact on GDM. In the context of maternal mental health, somestudies suggest benefits of probiotics in reducing anxiety, but effects on depression are incon-clusive. This perspective examines how pregnancy-related microbial shifts, both natural andprobiotic-induced, affect maternal and fetal health and highlights potential opportunities for theinnovative use of probiotics during the gestation period.
Read the full paper
This work was commissionned by the Probiotics Task Force
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Abstract
Food Contact Materials (FCMs) are produced and marketed worldwide global value in excess of 400.20 billion dollars. All FCMs have to be safe and guarantee the safety and security of food in contact with them. Specific regulations, which establish the rules for all materials, exist in different regions, which implies that the same material has to comply with different limits depending on the region in which it is distributed and marketed. This paper reviews differences and similarities between the FDA, EU, MERCOSUR, India, China, Japan and Thailand. Various areas essential for a risk assessment are compared. Requirements for testing substances or materials is an area where there are divergencies or commonalities. Harmonization of regulations and procedures is needed, as humans are the same, independently of where they live, and the substances released by the FCMs are the same. The same protocols and procedures are not applied worldwide, but the results are essential for the risk assessment of FCMs. Examining the approaches of different regions showed that there is room for harmonization in many areas, to obtain a more harmonized risk assessment and facilitate subsequent risk management. This review establishes the main areas of risk assessment of FCMs, compares the main regulations in different regions and discusses the essential areas that influence their global risk assessment and provides a guide to help to the development of the relevant research field and industry. Some examples and proposals for the main areas for harmonising risk assessment globally, are given.
Read the full paper
This work was commissionned by the Packaging Materials Task Force
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Abstract
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Read the full paper
This work was commissionned by the Probiotics Task Force
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