Early-life exposures might negatively affect fetal and infant development, predisposing children to obesity. This study aimed to systematically identify and evaluate risk factors for childhood obesity in preconception, pregnancy, and infancy, and assess their potential for future prediction and prevention strategies.
Frontiers in Nutrition, 2025
This Review Article summarizes outcomes from the ILSI Europe expert workshop on plant-based proteins in infant formula, held in November 2024. Experts from academia, clinical nutrition, and food science evaluated the current use and future potential of plant-based protein sources in infant formula, considering nutritional adequacy, allergenicity, sustainability, processing technologies, and regulatory constraints. While soy and hydrolyzed rice proteins are already approved and in use, emerging sources such as pea, lentil, and faba beans show promise but require further validation of their amino acid profiles, digestibility, safety, and suitability for infants. Key research priorities identified include the development of improved protein extraction methods, in vitro digestion and allergy modeling, and targeted clinical studies. This review synthesizes current evidence and expert perspectives to support the development of sustainable, nutritionally adequate plant-based infant formulas.
Resumen de las Mesas de Trabajo del Grupo de Empaques y Envases – ILSI Nor Andino
Este documento reúne las principales conclusiones y reflexiones desarrolladas en las tres Mesas de Trabajo del Grupo de Empaques y Envases de ILSI Nor Andino, realizadas durante el segundo semestre de 2023. A través de un enfoque técnico, científico y multisectorial, el informe aborda los retos y oportunidades asociados a los empaques y envases en el contexto de la seguridad alimentaria, la innovación, la sostenibilidad, la comunicación y la educación.
La primera mesa analiza el impacto de la pérdida y el desperdicio de alimentos en la seguridad alimentaria, destacando el rol estratégico de los empaques para preservar la calidad, inocuidad y disponibilidad de los alimentos, en un contexto marcado por la desigualdad social y el aumento del costo del plato saludable en Colombia.
La segunda mesa se centra en la innovación y la sostenibilidad de los empaques, abordando herramientas como el análisis de ciclo de vida, el ecodiseño, la economía circular, el uso de material reciclado y las certificaciones ambientales, así como experiencias empresariales y programas orientados al fortalecimiento de capacidades técnicas en la cadena de valor del plástico.
Finalmente, la tercera mesa profundiza en la comunicación y la educación como ejes clave para la divulgación científica responsable, el marketing científico y la gestión de la información en un entorno de infodemia, integrando además el marco regulatorio colombiano relacionado con plásticos de un solo uso y la responsabilidad extendida del productor.
Este resumen constituye un insumo relevante para la industria, la academia, los tomadores de decisión y demás actores interesados en promover sistemas de empaques más seguros, sostenibles y alineados con las políticas públicas y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible.
There are several misconceptions about food processing technologies, as they are often mistakenly viewed as the same as food formulation. It is important to dispel this and provide correct information on how latest food processing technologies are contributing towards food and nutrition security, food safety, and health.
To address this, ILSI India organized INTECH 2025 Conference on “Innovations in Food Processing & Flavor Technologies: Advancing Safety, Nutrition and Health” on 9 December in New Delhi. This one-day conference was held in collaboration with ICAR– Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana; National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli; National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur; the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (GoI); and Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. This Conference was addressed by 28 Leading Experts. The Conference Presentations have been uploaded on ILSI India Website and can be viewed from: https://tinyurl.com/2c69hj3e
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Abstract
Background
Early-life exposures might negatively affect fetal and infant development, predisposing children to obesity. This study aimed to systematically identify and evaluate risk factors for childhood obesity in preconception, pregnancy, and infancy, and assess their potential for future prediction and prevention strategies.
Methods
This systematic review (PROSPERO, CRD42022355152) included longitudinal studies from selected electronic databases published between inception and August 17th, 2022, identifying maternal, paternal, or infant risk factors from preconception until infancy for childhood obesity between 2 and 18 years. Screening and data extraction were conducted using standardized forms. We assessed risk factor quality on modifiability and predictive power using a piloted criteria template from ILSI-Europe-Marker-Validation-Initiative.
Findings
We identified 172 publications from observational and five publications from intervention studies involving n = 1,879,971 children from 37, predominantly high-income, countries. Average reported childhood obesity prevalence was 11.1%. Pregnancy and infancy risk factors were mostly studied. We identified 59 potential risk factors; 23 were consistently associated. Strongest risk factors were: higher maternal prepregnancy weight (n = 28/31 publications with positive associations), higher gestational weight gain (n = 18/21), maternal smoking during pregnancy (n = 23/29), higher birth weight (n = 20/28), large-size-for-gestational-age-at-birth (n = 17/18), no breastfeeding (n = 20/31), and higher infant weight gain (n = 12/12). Level of evidence was generally moderate due to unreliable exposure measurement, short follow-up/loss to follow-up, and risk of confounding.
Interpretation
We identified seven early-life risk factors, which were strongly associated with childhood obesity, and can contribute to future prediction and prevention strategies. These findings support the implementation of prevention strategies targeting these risk factors from a clinical and population perspective, where possible integrated with implementation studies.
One pager
Read the full paper
Commissioned by the Early Nutrition and Long-Term Health Task Force
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Abstract
This Review Article summarizes outcomes from the ILSI Europe expert workshop on plant-based proteins in infant formula, held in November 2024. Experts from academia, clinical nutrition, and food science evaluated the current use and future potential of plant-based protein sources in infant formula, considering nutritional adequacy, allergenicity, sustainability, processing technologies, and regulatory constraints. While soy and hydrolyzed rice proteins are already approved and in use, emerging sources such as pea, lentil, and faba beans show promise but require further validation of their amino acid profiles, digestibility, safety, and suitability for infants. Key research priorities identified include the development of improved protein extraction methods, in vitro digestion and allergy modeling, and targeted clinical studies. This review synthesizes current evidence and expert perspectives to support the development of sustainable, nutritionally adequate plant-based infant formulas.
One pager
Read the full paper
Commissioned by the Early Nutrition and Long-Term Health Task Force
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Abstract
Background
Early-life exposures might negatively affect fetal and infant development, predisposing children to obesity. This study aimed to systematically identify and evaluate risk factors for childhood obesity in preconception, pregnancy, and infancy, and assess their potential for future prediction and prevention strategies.
Methods
This systematic review (PROSPERO, CRD42022355152) included longitudinal studies from selected electronic databases published between inception and August 17th, 2022, identifying maternal, paternal, or infant risk factors from preconception until infancy for childhood obesity between 2 and 18 years. Screening and data extraction were conducted using standardized forms. We assessed risk factor quality on modifiability and predictive power using a piloted criteria template from ILSI-Europe-Marker-Validation-Initiative.
Findings
We identified 172 publications from observational and five publications from intervention studies involving n = 1,879,971 children from 37, predominantly high-income, countries. Average reported childhood obesity prevalence was 11.1%. Pregnancy and infancy risk factors were mostly studied. We identified 59 potential risk factors; 23 were consistently associated. Strongest risk factors were: higher maternal prepregnancy weight (n = 28/31 publications with positive associations), higher gestational weight gain (n = 18/21), maternal smoking during pregnancy (n = 23/29), higher birth weight (n = 20/28), large-size-for-gestational-age-at-birth (n = 17/18), no breastfeeding (n = 20/31), and higher infant weight gain (n = 12/12). Level of evidence was generally moderate due to unreliable exposure measurement, short follow-up/loss to follow-up, and risk of confounding.
Interpretation
We identified seven early-life risk factors, which were strongly associated with childhood obesity, and can contribute to future prediction and prevention strategies. These findings support the implementation of prevention strategies targeting these risk factors from a clinical and population perspective, where possible integrated with implementation studies.
One pager
Read the full paper
Commissioned by the Early Nutrition and Long-Term Health Task Force
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